كتاب 17
17
Book 17
(17)
Chapter 17
(17)
باب 17
Muwatta Malik 625
Yahya related to me from Malik that he asked Ibn Shihab about
olives and he said, "There is a tenth on them."
Malik said,
"The tenth that is taken from olives is taken after they have been
pressed, and the olives must come to a minimum amount of five awsuq
and there must be at least five awsuq of olives. If there are less
than five awsuq of olives, no zakat has to be paid.
Olive
trees are like date palms insofar as there is a tenth on whatever is
watered by rain or springs or any natural means, and a twentieth on
whatever is irrigated. However, olives are not estimated while on the
tree. The sunna with us as far as grain and seeds which people store
and eat is concerned is that a tenth is taken from whatever has been
watered by rain or springs or any natural means, and a twentieth from
whatever has been irrigated, that is, as long as the amount comes to
five awsuq or more using the aforementioned sa, that is, the sa of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Zakat must be paid
on anything above five awsuq according to the amount involved."
Malik said, "The kinds of grain and seeds on which there is zakat
are:
wheat, barley, sult (a kind of barley), sorghum, pearl millet,
rice, lentils, peas, beans, sesame seeds and other such grains and
seeds which are used for food. Zakat is taken from them after they
have been harvested and are in the form of grai n or seed." He said,
"People are entrusted with the assessment and whatever they hand over
is accepted ."
Malik was asked whether the tenth or the
twentieth was taken out of olives before they were sold or after and
he said, "The sale is not taken into consideration. It is the people
who produce the olives that are asked about the olives, just as it is
the people who produce foodstuffs that are asked about it, and zakat
is taken from them by what they say. Someone who gets five awsuq or
more of olives from his olive trees has a tenth taken from the oil
after pressing. Whereas someone who does not get five awsuq from his
trees does not have to pay any zakat on the oil."
Malik said,
"Someone who sells his crops when they are ripe and are ready in the
husk has to pay zakat on them but the one who buys them does not. The
sale of crops is not valid until they are ready in the husk and no
longer need water."
Malik said, concerning the word of Allah
the Exalted, "And give its due on the day of its harvesting," that it
referred to zakat, and that he had heard people saying that.
Malik said, "If someone sells his garden or his land, on which are
crops or fruit which have not yet ripened, then it is the buyer who
has to pay the zakat. If, however, they have ripened, it is the seller
who has to pay the zakat, unless paying the zakat is one of the
conditions of the sale."
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ شِهَابٍ عَنِ الزَّيْتُونِ، فَقَالَ فِيهِ الْعُشْرُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الزَّيْتُونِ الْعُشْرُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُعْصَرَ وَيَبْلُغَ زَيْتُونُهُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ فَمَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ زَيْتُونُهُ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ فَلاَ زَكَاةَ فِيهِ وَالزَّيْتُونُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ النَّخِيلِ مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ سَقَتْهُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْعُيُونُ أَوْ كَانَ بَعْلاً فَفِيهِ الْعُشْرُ وَمَا كَانَ يُسْقَى بِالنَّضْحِ فَفِيهِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ وَلاَ يُخْرَصُ شَىْءٌ مِنَ الزَّيْتُونِ فِي شَجَرِهِ . وَالسُّنَّةُ عِنْدَنَا فِي الْحُبُوبِ الَّتِي يَدَّخِرُهَا النَّاسُ وَيَأْكُلُونَهَا أَنَّهُ يُؤْخَذُ مِمَّا سَقَتْهُ السَّمَاءُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَمَا سَقَتْهُ الْعُيُونُ وَمَا كَانَ بَعْلاً الْعُشْرُ وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالنَّضْحِ نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ إِذَا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ خَمْسَةَ أَوْسُقٍ بِالصَّاعِ الأَوَّلِ صَاعِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَمَا زَادَ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ فَفِيهِ الزَّكَاةُ بِحِسَابِ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَالْحُبُوبُ الَّتِي فِيهَا الزَّكَاةُ الْحِنْطَةُ وَالشَّعِيرُ وَالسُّلْتُ وَالذُّرَةُ وَالدُّخْنُ وَالأُرْزُ وَالْعَدَسُ وَالْجُلْبَانُ وَاللُّوبِيَا وَالْجُلْجُلاَنُ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْحُبُوبِ الَّتِي تَصِيرُ طَعَامًا فَالزَّكَاةُ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ تُحْصَدَ وَتَصِيرَ حَبًّا . قَالَ وَالنَّاسُ مُصَدَّقُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَيُقْبَلُ مِنْهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا دَفَعُوا . وَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ مَتَى يُخْرَجُ مِنَ الزَّيْتُونِ الْعُشْرُ أَوْ نِصْفُهُ أَقَبْلَ النَّفَقَةِ أَمْ بَعْدَهَا فَقَالَ لاَ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى النَّفَقَةِ وَلَكِنْ يُسْأَلُ عَنْهُ أَهْلُهُ كَمَا يُسْأَلُ أَهْلُ الطَّعَامِ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ وَيُصَدَّقُونَ بِمَا قَالُوا فَمَنْ رُفِعَ مِنْ زَيْتُونِهِ خَمْسَةُ أَوْسُقٍ فَصَاعِدًا أُخِذَ مِنْ زَيْتِهِ الْعُشْرُ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُعْصَرَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يُرْفَعْ مِنْ زَيْتُونِهِ خَمْسَةُ أَوْسُقٍ لَمْ تَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ فِي زَيْتِهِ الزَّكَاةُ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمَنْ بَاعَ زَرْعَهُ وَقَدْ صَلَحَ وَيَبِسَ فِي أَكْمَامِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ زَكَاتُهُ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ زَكَاةٌ وَلاَ يَصْلُحُ بَيْعُ الزَّرْعِ حَتَّى يَيْبَسَ فِي أَكْمَامِهِ وَيَسْتَغْنِيَ عَنِ الْمَاءِ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى {وَآتُوا حَقَّهُ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِ } أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الزَّكَاةُ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ . قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمَنْ بَاعَ أَصْلَ حَائِطِهِ أَوْ أَرْضَهُ وَفِي ذَلِكَ زَرْعٌ أَوْ ثَمَرٌ لَمْ يَبْدُ صَلاَحُهُ فَزَكَاةُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ طَابَ وَحَلَّ بَيْعُهُ فَزَكَاةُ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَهَا عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ .
| Reference | : Muwatta Malik 625 |
| In-book reference | : Book 17, Hadith 34803 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 7, Hadith 625 |
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